Citation Style Tools
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The purpose of this page is to help students, faculty and librarians with their citation needs. Each citation has an example given, and in some instances the citation style will have examples for the following; book, book with two to six authors, edited books, journal articles, online journal articles, websites (multi page or portion).
Citation Styles
APA - American Psychological Association 5th edition
MLA - Modern Language Association 6th edition
Chicago Style 15th edition
AAA - American Anthropological Association
ACS - American Chemical Society
AMA - American Medical Association citation style
APSA - American Political Science Association
ASA - American Sociological Association
American Antiquity
CSE (CBE) - Council of Biology Editors (now called the Council of Science Editors)
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences
IEEE Documentation style (computer sciences)
Legal Citation
Statistics Canada
SAA - Society for American Archaeology
UBC Biology 140 Citations
Annotated Bibliography
APA - American Psychological Association 5th edition (1)
Book with a Single Author
Bernstein, T.M. (1965). The careful writer. New York : Atheneum.
Book with Two to Six Authors
Saywitz, K.J., Mannarino, A.P., Berliner, L., & Cohen, J.A. (2000).
Treatment for sexually abused children and adolescents.
American Psychologist, 55, 1040-1049.
Edited Book
Gurman, A.S. (1981). Family therapy. In M.N. Blum (Ed.), Handbook of family
therapy (pp. 742-775). New York : Springer.
Journal Article (in print)
Horowitz, L.M., Post, D.L., French, R.S., & Siegel, E.Y. (1981). The prototype as a
construct. Journal of Psychology, 90, 575-585
Journal Articles from Online Databases with no DOI
Blakeslee, D.J. (1981). The origin and spread of the calumet ceremony.
American Antiquity, 46 (4), 759-768. Retrieved October 3, 2005, from
JSTOR database.
Journal Article with DOI
Fasching, W. (2008). Consciousness, self-consciousness and meditation. Phenomenology
and the Cognitive Sciences, 7, 468-483. doi: 10.1007/s11097-008-9090-6
Websites
Multi Page Website
Greater Vancouver Regional District, Task Force on Teen and Adolescent Issues.
(n.d.) Who has time for a healthy meal? Retrieved May 23, 2003 from
http://www.gvrd.bc.ca/teen/issues/
Portion of a Website
American Psychological Association. (1998). Managing traumatic stress: Tips for
recovering from disaster and other traumatic events. Retrieved April 15, 2001,
from American Psychological Association, Help Center Web Site:
http://helping.apa.org/family/warning.html
MLA - Modern Language Association 6th edition (1)
Book with a Single Author
Pollack, Vivian R. Dickinson: The Anxiety of Gender. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1984.
Books with Two or Three Authors
Blocker, Clyde E., Robert H. Plummer, and Richard C. Richardson. The Two-Year
College. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1965.
Books with Four or More Authors
Edens, Walter, et al. Teaching Shakespeare. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1976.
Edited Books
Homyak, Lynne M., and Joseph P. Green, eds. Healing from Within: The Use of
Hypnosis in Women's Health Care. Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association, 2000.
Journal Article (in print)
Clark, Herbert H. "Hearers and Speech Acts." Language 58 (1982): 332-73.
Journal Articles from Online Database
Lancashire, Ian. "The Common Reader's Shakespeare." Early Modern Library
Studies 3.3 (1998): 12 pars. 15 Aug. 2003.
Websites
Multi Page Website
Early Modern English Dictionaries Database (EMEDD). Ed. Ian Lancashire. Apr. 1996.
U of Toronto. 15 Aug. 2003 .
Portion of a Website
"BC and Canada Immigrant Landings by Class - 1984-2001". Migration and Immigration
Feb. 2001. BC Stats. 15 Aug. 2003 .
Chicago Style 15th edition (1)
Book with Single Author
Footnote:
1 Ann Oakley, Gender on Planet Earth (New York: New Press,
2003), 77.
Bibliography:
Oakley, Ann. Gender on Planet Earth. New York: New Press, 2003.
Book with Two or Three Authors
Footnote:
2 Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean H. Quataert, Connecting Spheres:
European Women in a Globalizing World, 1500 to the Present, 2nd ed.
( New York: Oxford University Press, 200), 133.
Bibliography:
Boxer, Marilyn J. and Jean H. Quataert. Connecting Spheres: European
Women in a Globalizing World, 1500 to the Present. 2nd ed.
New York : Oxford University Press, 2000.
Book with More than Three Authors
Footnote:
3 M. Clayden et al., Making it Work: A Handbook for Reading, Writing,
Language and Media ( Toronto : Irwin Publishing, 2003), 65.
Bibliography:
Clayden, Marie, Dianne Fenner, Christine McAdam, and Christine Strauss.
Making it Work: a Handbook for Reading, Writing, Language and Media.
Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 2003.
Edited Book
Footnote:
6 Lorna Crozier, "What Stays in the Family," in Dropped Threads:
What We Aren't Told , ed. Carol Shields and Marjorie Anderson, 11-18
( Toronto: Vintage Canada , 2001).
Bibliography:
Crozier, Lorna. "What Stays in the Family." In Dropped Threads: What We
Aren't Told , edited by Carol Shields and Marjorie Anderson, 11-18.
Toronto: Vintage Canada , 2001.
Journal Article (in print)
Footnote:
9 Benjamin Berger, "The Limits of Belief: Freedom of Religion,
Secularism, and the Liberal State," Canadian Journal of Law and Society 17,
no. 1 (2002): 61.
Bibliography:
Berger, Benjamin. "The Limits of Belief: Freedom of Religion, Secularism,
and the Liberal State." Canadian Journal of Law and Society 17, no 1
(2002): 39-68.
Journal Article from Online Databases
Footnote:
14 Gerald P. Hodgkinson, "The Interface of Cognitive and Industrial Work
and Organizational Psychology," Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology 76, no. 1 (2003), http://www.epnet.com.
Bibliography:
Hodgkinson, Gerald P. "The Interface of Cognitive and Industrial Work and
Organizational Psychology." Journal of Occupational and Organizational
Psychology 76, no. 1 (2003): 1-25. http://www.epnet.com.
Websites
Footnote:
23 George F. MacDonald, "The Haida: Children of Eagle and Raven,"
Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation, http://www.civilization.ca/
aborig/haida/haindexe.html.
Bibliography:
MacDonald, George F. "The Haida: Children of Eagle and Raven." Canadian
Museum of Civilization Corporation. http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/haida/haindexe.html
AAA - American Anthropological Association (2)
Book with a Single Author
Castles , Stephen
1990 Here for Good. London: Pluto Press.
Author, with Others (cite first author in text citation)
Bonacich, Edna, with Mark Smith and Kathy Hunt
1999 The Economic Basis of Ethnic Solidarity: Small Business in the Japanese American
Community. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Edited Book
Rohlen, Thomas P.
1993 Education: Policies and Prospects. In Koreans in Japan : Ethnic Conflicts and
Accommodation. Cameron Lee and George De Vos, eds. Pp. 182-222. Berkeley: University
of California Press.
Journal Article (in print)
Moll, Luis C.
2000 Writing as Communication: Creating Strategic Learning Environments for Students. Theory
into Practice 25(3):202-208.
Website
American Anthropological Association
2000[1992] Planning for the Future: Current Long-Range Plan for the American Anthropological
Association. Electronic document, http://www.aaanet.org/committees/lrp/lrplan.htm , accessed
January 18, 2001.
ACS - American Chemical Society (3)
ACS style has two formats:
- A "full" format that gives a complete citation, and
- A "short" format that is preferred by most of the journals published by the society; the short format eliminates the article, patent and chapter titles.
Book with Two or More Authors
Roberts, J. D.; Caserio, M. C. Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry; Benjamin: New York, 1965; pp 477-478.
Edited Book
Full Format:
Kagan, H. B. Asymetric Oxidation of Sulfides. In Catalytic Asymetric Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Ojima, I., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, 2000; pp 327-356.
Short Format:
Kagan, H. B. In Catalytic Asymetric Synthesis, 2nd ed.; Ojima, I., Ed.; Wiley-VCH: New York, 2000: pp 327-356.
Journal Article (in print)
Full Format:
Ruble, J. C.; Fu, G. C. Chiral-Complexes of Heterocycles with Transition Metals: A Versatile New Family of Nucleophilic Catalysts. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7230-7231.
Short Format:
Ruble, J.C.; Fu, G. C. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 7230-7231.
Journal Article from Online Database
Hambourger, M.; Liddell, P. A.: Gust, D.; Moore, A. L.; Moore, T. A. Parameters affecting the chemical work output of a hybrid photoelectrochemical biofuel cell. Phtochem. Phtobiol. Sci. [Online] 2007, 6, 431-437. http://www.rsc.org/publishing/journals/PP/article.asp?doi=b616444g (accessed April 23, 2007).
Patents
U.S. patent citations must include inventor names (inverted), title of the patent (full format only), U. S. Patent, number, and year of issuance.
Foreign patent citations must include inventor names (inverted), title of the patent (full format only), country or patent agency name or abbreviation, patent number, and year of issuance.
US Patent Example;
Full Format:
Hilborn, J. W.; Jurgens, A. R. Fluoxetine process from benzoylacetonitrile. U.S. Patent 6,025,517, 2000.
Short Format:
Hilborn, J. W.; Jurgens, A. R. U.S. Patent 6,025,517, 2000.
Foreign Patent Example;
Long Format:
Christensen, J. A.; Squires, R. F. Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Hydroxyverbindungen. German Patent DE 2404114, 1974.
Short Format:
Christensen, J. A.; Squires, R. F. German Patent DE 2404114, 1974.
AMA - American Medical Association citation style (4)
Book with a Single Author
Shepard TH. Catalog of Teratogenic Agents. 7th ed. Baltimore, Md : Johns Hopkins Press; 1992.
Book with Two or More Authors
Baselt RC, Cravey RH. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 4th ed. Foster City, Calif : Chemical Toxicology Institute; 1995.
Edited Book
Armitage JO, Antman KH, eds. High-dose Cancer Therapy: Pharmacology, Hematopoietins, Stem Cells. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1995.
Journal Article (in print)
Moldofsky H. Sleep, neuroimmune and neuroendocrine functions in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome. Adv Neuroimmunol. 1995;5:39-56.
Journal Article from Online Database
Simon JA, Hudes ES. Relationship of ascorbic acid to blood lead levels. JAMA [serial online]. 1999;281:2289-2293. Available from: American Medical Association, Chicago, Ill. Accessed August 24, 1999.
Website
Terre Haute Center for Medical Education. The THCME Medical Biochemistry page. Available at: http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/mwking/home.html. Accessed August 24, 1999.
APSA - American Political Science Association (5)
Book with a Single Author
Kessel, John H. 1968. The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964.
Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill.
Book with Two or More Authors
Sorauf, Frank J., and Paul Allen Beck. 1988. Party Politics in America . 6th ed.
Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman.
Edited Book
Ball, Terence, James Farr, and Russell L. Hanson, eds. 1988. Political Innovation
and Conceptual Change. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Journal Article (in print)
Aldrich, John H. 1980. "A Dynamic Model of Presidential Nomination Campaigns."
American Political Science Review 74:651-69.
ASA - American Sociological Association (6)
Book with a Single Author
De Anda, Roberto M. 1995. Chicanas and Chicanos in Contemporary
Society. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Book with Two or More Authors
Herrera-Sobek, María and Helena María Viramontes. 1995. Chicana (W)rites:
On Word and Film. Berkeley, CA: Third Woman Press.
Edited Book
Nathan, Peter E. and Raymond S. Niaura. 1987. "Prevention of Alcohol
Problems." Pp. 333-354 in Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems: A Resource Manual ,
edited by W.M. Cox. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Inc.
Journal Article (in print)
Garcia, Alma M. 1998. "An Intellectual Odyssey: Chicana/Chicano Studies
Moving into the Twenty-first Century." Journal of American Ethnic History 18:109.
Journal Article from Online Database
Graham, Lorie M. 1998. "The Past Never Vanishes: A Contextual Critique of
the Existing Indian Family Doctrine" American Indian Law Review, 23:1. Retrieved May 25, 1999 Available:
LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe, Law Reviews.
Website
American Sociological Association. 2000. "Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Workshop."
Washington , DC : American Sociological Association, Retrieved May 5, 2000
(http://www.asanet.org/members/socwkshp.html).
American Antiquity (7)
Book with a Single Author
Elster, Jon
1989 Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press, New York .
Book with Two or More Authors
Hampton, David R., Charles E. Summer, and Ross A. Weber
1978 Organizational Behavior and the Practice of Management. 3rd ed. Scott, Foresman,
Glenview , Illinois .
Edited Book
McHugh, William P. (editor)
1977 The Teaching of Archaeology. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
Journal Article (in print)
Ashmore, Wendy
1991 Site-Planning Principles and Concepts of Directionality Among the Ancient Maya.
Latin American Antiquity 2:199-226.
Website
Glascock, Michael D.
2001 Archaeometry Laboratory at MURR. Electronic document,
http://Missouri.edu/`glascock/archlab.html, accessed April 12, 2002.
CSE (CBE) - Council of Biology Editors (now called the Council of Science Editors) (8)
Book
McCormac JS, Kennedy G. 2004. Birds of Ohio. Auburn (WA): Lone Pine. 360 p.
Edited Book
McDaniel TK, Valdivia RH. 2005. New tools for virulence gene discovery. In: Cossart P, Boquet P, Normark S, Rappuoli R, editors. Cellular microbiology. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): ASM Press. p 473-488.
Journal Article (in print)
Meise CJ, Johnson DL, Stehlik LL, Manderson J, Shaheen P. 2003. Growth rates of juvenile Winter Flounder under varying environmental conditions. Trans Am Fish Soc 132(2):225-345.
Journal Article from Online Database
Hong P, Wong W. GeneNotes: a novel information management software for biologists. BMC Bioinformatics [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2005 Mar 1]; 6:20. Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/6/20
Website
Leng F, Amado L, McMacken R. Coupling DNA supercoiling to transcription in defined protein systems. Journal of Biological Chemistry [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2005 Mar 1]; 279(46):47564-47571. Available from: http://www.jbc.org.cgi/reprint/279/46/47564
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences (9)
Book
Williams, R.A. 1987. Communication systems analysis and design. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
Edited Book
Healey, M.C. 1980. The ecology of juvenile salmon in Georgia Strait, British Columbia. In Salmonid ecosystems of the North Pacific. Edited by W.J. McNeil and D.C. Himsworth. Oregon
State University Press, Corvallis, Oreg. pp. 203 -229.
Journal Article (in print)
Kovanen, D.J., and Slaymaker, O. 2003. Lake Terrell upland glacial resurgences and implications for late-glacial history, northwestern Washington State, U.S.A. Canadian Journal of
Earth Sciences, 40: 1767 -1772.
Electronic Citation
Quinion, M.B. 1998. Citing online sources: advice on online citation formats [online]. Available from http://clever.net/quinion/words/citation.html [cited 20 October 1998].
IEEE Documentation style (computer sciences) (10)
Book with a Single Author
D. Jones, Technical Writing Style, Toronto : Allyn and Bacon, 1998.
Book with Two or More Authors
D. Beer, R.F. Martin, and P. Fingle, Photosensory Transduction, New York: Willey, 1993.
Edited Book
R.F. Follet and D. J Walker. "Ground water quality concerns about nitrogen," in Nitrogen Management and Ground Water Protection, Ed. R. F. Follet, Amsterdam : Elsevier Publishing Company Inc, 1989, pp. 1-20.
Journal Article (in print)
K.A. Nelson, R.J. Dwayne Miller, D.R. Lutz, and M.D. Fayer, "Optical generation of turntable ultrasonic waves," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 53, no. 2, Feb., pp. 1144-1149.
Website
T. Land, "Web extension to American Psychological Association style (WEAPAS)," [Online document], 1996 Mar 31(Rev 1.2.4), [cited 1996 Sept 14], Available HTTP: http://www.nyu.edu/pages/psychology/WEAPAS
Legal Citation (11)
Legal Citation is divided into two categories:
- legislation (bills, statutes, regulations, and orders-in-council) and
- case law (decisions of courts and tribunals).
Legislation:
Provincial Legislation - Statutes of British Columbia :
The Statutes of British Columbia were last revised in 1996. The majority of acts will thus be cited R.S.B.C. 1996, for Revised Statutes of British Columbia 1996 .
If a British Columbia statute was passed after 1996 and is in a sessional volume, it is cited as S.B.C. , for Statutes of British Columbia .
Example:
Treaty Commission Act , R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 461, s. 5(1).
Treaty Commission Act, Revised Statutes of British Columbia 1996,
chapter 461, section 5, subsection 1, cited to the official printed version.
Federal Legislation - Statues of Canada :
The Statutes of Canada were last revised in 1985. The majority of acts will thus be cited R.S.C. 1985 , for Revised Statutes of Canada .
The chapter number includes the initial letter of the name of the act.
Example:
Privacy Act , R.S.C. 1985, c. P-21.
Privacy Act, Revised Statutes of Canada 1985, chapter P-21, cited to the
official printed version.
Case Law:
Example: Dominion Law Reports:
R. v. Latimer (1995), 126 D.L.R. (4th) 203 ( Sask. C.A. ).
R. v. Latimer is the case name, 1995 is the year of the decision, volume
126 clearly identifies the exact volume so the year does not need to be in
square brackets, D.L.R. for Dominion Law Reports, 4th series, case
which is abbreviated Sask. C.A.
Example: Supreme Court of Canada Reports:
Vancouver Society of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women v. Minster of National Revenue, [1999] 1 S.C.R. 10.
Vancouver Society of Immigrant and Visible Minority Women v. Minister of
National Revenue is the case name, [1999] is the year of publication and
needs to be in square brackets because volume 1 does not uniquely
identify the book, S.C.R. for Supreme Court Reports, the case beginning
on page 10.
Statistics Canada (12)
Book
Statistics Canada. 1998. Labour Markets, Social Institutions, and the Future of Canada's Children. Corak, Miles (ed.). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 89-553-XPB. Ottawa. 179 p.
Edited Book
Meunier, Dominique, Paul Bernard and Johanne Boisjoly. 1998. ?Eternal youth? Changes in the living arrangements of young people.? Labour Markets, Social Institutions, and the Future of Canada 's Children. Miles Corak (ed.). Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 89-553-XPB. Ottawa . p. 157 -170.
Article in a monthly, quarterly or other regular periodical, including The Daily (in print)
Statistics Canada. 2003. ?Fresh water resources in Canada.? Human Activity and the Environment: Annual Statistics 2003. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 16-201-XPE. p. 1 -32.
Online Article in a monthly, quarterly or other regular periodical, including The Daily
Akyeampong, Ernest. 2005. ?Collective bargaining priorities.? Perspectives on Labour and Income. Vol. 17, no. 3. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 33-251-XIE.
http://www.statcan.ca/bsolc/english/bsolc?catno=75-001-X20050038450 (accessed January 24, 2006).
Census Citing
Citing the 2001 Census Catalogue:
Statistics Canada . 2002. 2001 Census Catalogue. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 92-377-XIE. Ottawa . June 27.
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/2001catalogue/index.htm (accessed August 16, 2005).
Citing a table from 2001 Population and Dwelling Counts:
Statistics Canada . 2002. Population and Dwelling Counts, for Canada , Provinces, Territories and Census Subdivisions (Municipalities), 2001 and 1996 Censuses, 100% Data (table). Population and Dwelling Counts. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 93F0051XIE. Ottawa . June 27.
http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/products/standard/popdwell/
tables.cfm
(accessed August 16, 2005).
E-Stat Citing
Databases from E-STAT:
Statistics Canada . n.d. CANSIM (database). Using E-STAT (distributor). Version updated July 2005.
http://estat.statcan.ca/cgi-win/CNSMCGI.EXE?CANSIMFILE=EStat\
English\CII_1_E.htm
(accessed August 16, 2005).
CANSIM tables from E-STAT:
Statistics Canada . n.d. Table 326-0001 Consumer Price Index (CPI), 2001 Basket Content, Monthly (table). CANSIM (database). Using E-STAT (distributor). Version updated July 2004.
http://estat.statcan.ca/cgi-win/CNSMCGI.EXE?CANSIMFILE=EStat\
English\CII_1_E.htm
(accessed August 19, 2005).
SAA - Society for American Archaeology
*Refer to American Antiquity citation style above.
UBC Biology 140 Citations (13)
Book with a Single Author
McMillan, V.E. 2006, 1988. Writing papers in the biological sciences. Bedford St. Martin's
Press, Boston, Mass.
Book with Two or More Authors
Purves, W. K., Orians, G. H., and Heller, H. C. 1992. Life: The science of biology, 3rd
edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc., W. H. Freeman and Company, Sunderland, Mass.
Edited Book
Muldal, S., and Lajtha, L. G. 1974. Chromosomes and leukemia. pp. 451-480 In: J. German,
(ed.), Chromosomes and cancer. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Journal Article (both print and electronic)
Birle, R. A., and Suthers, W. C. 1981. The effects of soft drinks and their constituents on the
stamina of rats. Journal of Rat Physiology, 23 (2): 14-22.
Website
NRC Research Press. 2005. Canadian Journal of Zoology, Instructions to authors [online].
Available from http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_prog_e?cjz_instruct_e.html
[cited 20 April 2005].
Annotated Bibliography (14)
WHAT IS AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY?
An annotated bibliography is a list of citations to books, articles, and documents. Each citation is followed by a brief (usually about 150 words) descriptive and evaluative paragraph, the annotation. The purpose of the annotation is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the sources cited.
ANNOTATIONS VS. ABSTRACTS
Abstracts are the purely descriptive summaries often found at the beginning of scholarly journal articles or in periodical indexes. Annotations are descriptive and critical; they expose the author's point of view, clarity and appropriateness of expression, and authority.
THE PROCESS
Creating an annotated bibliography calls for the application of a variety of intellectual skills: concise exposition, succinct analysis, and informed library research.
First, locate and record citations to books, periodicals, and documents that may contain useful information and ideas on your topic. Briefly examine and review the actual items. Then choose those works that provide a variety of perspectives on your topic.
Cite the book, article, or document using the appropriate style.
Write a concise annotation that summarizes the central theme and scope of the book or article. Include one or more sentences that (a) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (b) comment on the intended audience, (c) compare or contrast this work with another you have cited, or (d) explain how this work illuminates your bibliography topic.
JOURNAL ARTICLE SAMPLES FOR ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
The following example uses the APA format for the journal citation. NOTE : APA requires double spacing within citations.
Waite, L. J., Goldschneider, F. K., & Witsberger, C. (1986). Nonfamily living and
the erosion of traditional family orientations among young adults. American Sociological Review, 51, 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University , use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living.
This example uses the MLA format for the journal citation. NOTE : Standard MLA practice requires double spacing within citations.
Waite, Linda J., Frances Kobrin Goldscheider, and Christina Witsberger. "Nonfamily Living and the Erosion of Traditional
Family Orientations Among Young Adults." American Sociological Review 51 (1986): 541-554.
The authors, researchers at the Rand Corporation and Brown University , use data from the National Longitudinal Surveys of Young Women and Young Men to test their hypothesis that nonfamily living by young adults alters their attitudes, values, plans, and expectations, moving them away from their belief in traditional sex roles. They find their hypothesis strongly supported in young females, while the effects were fewer in studies of young males. Increasing the time away from parents before marrying increased individualism, self-sufficiency, and changes in attitudes about families. In contrast, an earlier study by Williams cited below shows no significant gender differences in sex role attitudes as a result of nonfamily living. Annotated Bibliography 14
Bibliography
1 Douglas College Citation Page. 22 Jul. 2007 < http://www.douglas.bc.ca/library/style.html >
2 American Anthropological Association. 22 Jul. 2007 < http://www.aaanet.org/pubs/style_guide.htm >
3 Arizona State University. 22 Jul. 2007 < http://www.asu.edu/lib/noble/chem/howtocite.htm#acsstyle >
4 Health Links University of Washington . 22 Jul. 2007 < http://healthlinks.washington.edu/hsl/styleguides/ama.html >
5 The Writing Centre, University of Wisconsin - Madison . 22 Jul. 2007
< http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPSA_RefList.html >
6 California State University, Los Angeles . 22 Jul. 2007 <http://www.calstatela.edu/library/guides/3asa.pdf >
7 American Antiquity. 22 Jul. 2007 <http://www.saa.org/Portals/0/SAA/Publications/StyleGuide/styleguide.pdf>
8 The Ohio State University . 22 Jul. 2007 <http://library.osu.edu/how-to-find/research-strategies/how-do-i-cite-references/cse-citation-guide >
9 National Research Council Canada . 22 Jul. 2007
< http://pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/cgi-bin/rp/rp2_prog_e?cjes_instruct_e.html#manuscript >
10 Engineering Communication Centre, University of Toronto . 22 Jul. 2007
< http://www.ecf.utoronto.ca/~writing/handbook-docum1b.html >
11 Guide to Legal Citation. Douglas College . 22 Jul. 2007 < http://www.douglas.bc.ca/library/legal.html >
12 How to Cite Statistics Canada Products. 23 Jul. 2007
< http://www.statcan.ca/english/freepub/12-591-XIE/12-591-XIE2006001.htm >
13 How to Cite Literature and List Sources In BIOLOGY 140. 23 Jul. 2007
< http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/bio1/citingandlisting.htm >
14 Cornell University Library. How to Prepare an Annotated Bibliography. 23 Jul. 2007
< http://www.library.cornell.edu/olinuris/ref/research/skill28.htm#what >
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